Trade, Commerce and Industries of UP

What the official syllabus says

UPPCS Main Examination, General Studies VI.

Trade, Commerce and industries of UP.

Topics in detail

Study the industries of UP by type and by place: for each, know the main centres, the raw material, the markets and the problems. Then study trade, both within the country and exports.

Industrial profile

• Phases of industrial development in UP since independence: public-sector units, state industrial corporations, liberalisation after 1991, recent policies for investment
• Agro-based, forest-based, mineral-based and modern (electronics, IT) industries
• MSMEs: their number, employment and the cluster pattern of production
• Large public-sector units in UP and their products

Agro-based industries

• Sugar industry: concentration in western and central UP (Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Shamli, Saharanpur, Bijnor, Lakhimpur Kheri), cooperative, public and private mills, cane pricing (State Advised Price) and arrears, by-products (molasses, bagasse, ethanol)
• Khandsari and jaggery (gur) making; the Muzaffarnagar gur market
• Food processing: dairy, flour, rice milling, edible oil, fruit and vegetable processing
• Cotton textiles in Kanpur's history and the decline of the old mills
• Handloom and silk weaving: Varanasi (Banarasi saree), Mau, Tanda, Mubarakpur

Crafts and traditional industries

• Carpets: Bhadohi, Mirzapur and the surrounding carpet belt
• Brassware of Moradabad
• Glass and bangles of Firozabad
• Locks and hardware of Aligarh
• Leather and footwear: Kanpur, Agra and Unnao
• Chikankari embroidery of Lucknow; zari-zardozi of Bareilly and Lucknow
• Perfume (attar) of Kannauj
• Sports goods of Meerut
• Wood carving of Saharanpur
• Pottery: Khurja (Bulandshahr) and black pottery of Nizamabad (Azamgarh); terracotta of Gorakhpur

Mineral-based and heavy industries

• Cement in Sonbhadra (Dalla, Churk) based on local limestone
• Aluminium at Renukoot (Sonbhadra)
• Oil refinery at Mathura (Indian Oil Corporation)
• Fertiliser plants: Phulpur and Aonla (IFFCO), Gorakhpur, Kanpur and others
• Railway manufacturing: Banaras Locomotive Works (Varanasi) and the Modern Coach Factory (Rae Bareli)
• Aeronautics and defence: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited units at Kanpur, Lucknow and Korwa (Amethi); ordnance factories at Kanpur
• Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor and its six nodes: Agra, Aligarh, Chitrakoot, Jhansi, Kanpur and Lucknow

Modern industries and services

• Electronics and mobile phone manufacturing in Noida and Greater Noida
• IT and IT-enabled services in Noida and Lucknow
• Data centres, semiconductors and electric vehicles as new focus areas of state policy
• Pharmaceuticals and medical devices; the medical device park near the Yamuna Expressway
• Tourism, hospitality and the film industry as service industries

Trade and commerce

• Internal trade: mandis, wholesale markets, retail and the role of the Uttar Pradesh State Agricultural Produce Market Board (Mandi Parishad)
• GST and its effect on trade within and across states
• Exports from UP: carpets and handicrafts, leather goods, engineering goods, electronics and mobile phones, processed food, buffalo meat, textiles and garments
• Export infrastructure: inland container depots and dry ports (for example Dadri, Kanpur, Moradabad, Agra, Varanasi), air cargo and the dedicated freight corridors
• Export promotion: the state export promotion policy, district export hubs, export promotion councils and Geographical Indication (GI) tags
• Trade fairs, buyer-seller meets and the UP International Trade Show
• Problems of UP's industry and trade: a landlocked state far from ports, power and land costs, credit, skills, competition from cheaper imports

Overlaps

The One District One Product policy, which covers many of these crafts, is on Public Finance, Fiscal Policy and ODOP; investment policies on Investment in UP; power and industrial infrastructure on Power Resources, Infrastructure and Industrial Development. Industrial policy for India is in General Studies III.