Law and Order and Civil Defence in Uttar Pradesh · UPPCS (Uttar Pradesh)

What the official syllabus says

Main Examination, General Studies V:
Law and Order and Civil Defense in UP.

Police and public order are State List subjects; the Police Act, 1861 and the UP Police Regulations
Hierarchy: Director General of Police, zones, ranges, districts (Senior Superintendents and Superintendents of Police), circles and police stations
Police commissionerate system: introduced in Lucknow and Gautam Buddh Nagar in 2020, later extended to more cities
Emergency response: the UP 112 service and its response vehicles
Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS), forensic laboratories, e-FIR for some offences

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, in force from 1 July 2024
Changes: zero FIR, electronic records, forensic examination for serious crimes, time limits
Preventive powers of executive magistrates and the police

Women Power Line (1090), women's help desks in police stations, Mission Shakti campaigns
Anti-human trafficking units; the special juvenile police units
Fast-track courts for sexual offences

Crowd management at the Kumbh, Magh Mela and other big gatherings
Communal harmony: peace committees, intelligence, quick response
Police reforms: the Prakash Singh judgment (2006), separation of investigation and law and order, police accountability
Issues: police-population ratio, vacancies, training, custodial violence, public trust

Prisons Act, 1894; the state's jail manual; overcrowding and undertrial prisoners
Reform: open jails, vocational training, legal aid, video conferencing for trials

Civil Defence Act, 1968, amended to cover disaster management as well as hostile attack
Civil defence in notified towns: volunteer wardens, training, blackout and air-raid drills, first aid, rescue
Home Guards: a voluntary force that helps the police in law and order, traffic, elections and disasters
Prantiya Rakshak Dal: a village volunteer force

Disaster Management Act, 2005: UP State Disaster Management Authority (headed by the Chief Minister) and district authorities (headed by the District Magistrate)
State Disaster Response Force and the NDRF battalions in the state
Hazards in UP: floods in the east and the Terai, drought in Bundelkhand, heat and cold waves, lightning, earthquakes (the western districts and the Terai lie in higher seismic zones), fires, boat accidents
Early warning, community preparedness, relief norms under the State Disaster Response Fund

Crimes against women and children; crimes against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Property crimes, economic offences, cyber crimes, organised crime
The National Crime Records Bureau's annual Crime in India report as the standard source of state data; the difference between more crime and more registration

CCTV networks and safe city projects in large cities (funded in part by the Nirbhaya Fund)
Drones for crowd monitoring, digital case diaries, e-challans for traffic offences
Social media cells and online complaint filing; concerns about privacy and data protection

Road accidents as a major cause of death; expressway safety, speeding, helmets and seat belts
Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019: higher penalties, the Good Samaritan protection
Trauma care along highways; the road safety committees of districts

Hazard	Most affected areas
Floods	Eastern UP and the Terai (Ghaghra, Rapti, Gandak, Sharda basins)
Drought	Bundelkhand and parts of the Vindhya region
Earthquake	Western districts and the Terai near the Himalaya
Heat and cold waves	Across the plains
Lightning	Across the state, mainly in the monsoon

Security forces, disaster management and internal security: General Studies III.
Security issues of UP: Security Issues in Uttar Pradesh.
Climate change and weather forecasting in UP: General Studies VI.