Jal Shakti Mission and Central Welfare Schemes in Uttar Pradesh

What the official syllabus says

Main Examination, General Studies V:

• Implementation of Jal Shakti Mission and other central welfare scheme in UP.

The advertisement says "Jal Shakti Mission". The Union Ministry of Jal Shakti (2019) runs the Jal Jeevan Mission and the Jal Shakti Abhiyan, and both are covered below.

Topics in detail

Jal Jeevan Mission (Har Ghar Jal)

• Launched in 2019 to give every rural household a functional tap connection with safe drinking water
• In UP: the State Water and Sanitation Mission; village water and sanitation committees
• Priority to water-scarce Bundelkhand and the Vindhya region (Mirzapur, Sonbhadra) through piped schemes from surface water
• Water quality: arsenic in parts of eastern UP, fluoride in some districts; testing laboratories and field test kits
• Issues: source sustainability, operation and maintenance, community contribution, quality of works

Jal Shakti Abhiyan and water conservation

• Jal Shakti Abhiyan (2019) and its 'Catch the Rain' campaign: rainwater harvesting, renovation of ponds, recharge structures
• Mission Amrit Sarovar: new and renewed ponds in each district
• Atal Bhujal Yojana: community-led groundwater management; UP is one of the participating states
• Groundwater over-exploitation in western UP; the UP Ground Water (Management and Regulation) Act, 2019
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana: 'Har Khet Ko Pani' and 'Per Drop More Crop'
• Ken-Betwa river link project for Bundelkhand (shared with Madhya Pradesh)

River rejuvenation

• Namami Gange: sewage treatment, industrial effluent control, riverfront development, biodiversity and public awareness
• UP has the longest stretch of the Ganga of any state; the tanneries of Kanpur and city sewage as major sources of pollution
• Rejuvenation of smaller rivers and the Yamuna's problems in Agra and Mathura

Other central welfare schemes in UP

• Housing: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin and Urban)
• Sanitation: Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin and Urban)
• Food: National Food Security Act and the free grain scheme through the public distribution system
• Clean cooking fuel: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, launched at Ballia on 1 May 2016
• Farmers: PM-KISAN income support, crop insurance (PM Fasal Bima Yojana), soil health cards
• Health: Ayushman Bharat; nutrition: POSHAN Abhiyaan
• Livelihoods: MGNREGA, the National Rural Livelihoods Mission and self-help groups, PM SVANidhi for street vendors, PM Vishwakarma for artisans
• Financial inclusion: Jan Dhan accounts, Mudra loans, Stand-Up India, social security insurance schemes
• Girls and women: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, maternity benefit schemes

Implementation issues

• Centrally sponsored schemes: fund-sharing between Centre and state, release delays, utilisation certificates
• Targeting: inclusion and exclusion errors; Aadhaar seeding; direct benefit transfer
• Convergence between schemes at the village level
• Capacity of district and block staff; quality of assets; corruption and leakage
• Monitoring: geotagging, dashboards, social audit, third-party evaluation, grievance redressal

Sanitation alongside water

• Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) phase II: open defecation free plus, solid and liquid waste management, greywater management
• Faecal sludge management in towns; sewage treatment linked to Namami Gange
• Dashboards of the Jal Jeevan Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission for tracking coverage and water quality

Overlaps

• Government policies, welfare schemes for vulnerable sections and their performance: General Studies II.
• Irrigation, PDS and food security: General Studies III.
• UP government schemes and water resources of UP: General Studies VI.