Haryana: Economy

What the official syllabus says

HCS Preliminary Examination, Paper I: General Studies:

Haryana-Economy and people. Social, economic and culture institutions and language of Haryana.

"Economy" is the first word of the Haryana line, and "economic institutions" follows. The Economic Survey of Haryana and the state budget, published every year by the state government, are the basic sources for current figures.

Topics in detail

Overview of the state economy

• Gross State Domestic Product, per capita income and growth; Haryana's position among states
• Sectoral composition: agriculture and allied, industry, services; changes since 1966
• The state budget: receipts, expenditure, debt; the State Finance Commission
• Regional disparities within the state: NCR districts and the rest

Agriculture

• Major crops: wheat, rice (including basmati), bajra, mustard, cotton, sugarcane, gram; kharif and rabi patterns
• The Green Revolution in Haryana and the state's contribution to the central pool of foodgrains
• Agricultural marketing: mandis and the Haryana State Agricultural Marketing Board; MSP procurement
• Crop diversification, horticulture, protected cultivation, organic and natural farming
• Problems: falling water tables, soil health, small holdings, crop-residue burning
• Long-standing state schemes by type: price deficiency payment (Bhavantar Bharpai Yojana), crop diversification for water saving (Mera Pani Meri Virasat), crop registration (Meri Fasal Mera Byora)

Animal husbandry and allied activities

• Dairying: the Murrah buffalo, the Hariana and Sahiwal cattle breeds; milk production
• Dairy cooperatives (the Vita brand) and milk plants
• Poultry, fisheries (including in saline areas), sheep and goats

Research and education institutions for agriculture

• Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
• Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar; Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal
• National Dairy Research Institute, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (all Karnal)
• Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar

Industry

• Automobiles and auto components: Gurugram, Manesar, Dharuhera, Bawal
• Engineering and manufacturing at Faridabad
• Panipat: handloom and textiles, recycled textiles, the oil refinery
• Yamunanagar: plywood and paper; Jagadhri: metal utensils
• Ambala: scientific instruments; Bahadurgarh: footwear; Rewari: brassware; Hisar: steel
• Industrial Model Townships (Manesar, Bawal, Rohtak, Kharkhoda) and the Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation
• MSMEs, industrial policy and ease of doing business; agro-based and food-processing industries

Services and infrastructure

• Gurugram as a centre of IT, IT-enabled services and corporate offices
• Tourism: heritage, religious and highway tourism
• Roads and expressways: national highways through the state, the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway
• Rail: the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors, rapid rail and metro links to Delhi; the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
• Power: thermal plants at Panipat, Khedar (Hisar) and Yamunanagar; the Gorakhpur nuclear power project (Fatehabad); solar and renewable energy

People and welfare

• Employment and unemployment; skill development; labour in industry and agriculture
• Poverty and social security: pensions, food security, housing
• Family database for welfare delivery (Parivar Pehchan Patra)
• Women and children: the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign, launched at Panipat on 22 January 2015
• Health and education indicators of the state

Overlaps

• The economy, agriculture and infrastructure with their Haryana issues are asked in Mains General Studies III.
• Economic institutions such as cooperatives are also on Haryana: Society, Culture and Language.