Haryana: Economy, Budget, Employment, Industry and Infrastructure

What the official syllabus says

General Studies III (Paper V) ends with "Related issues of Haryana." Read with the economy lines of the paper, it covers:

• Related issues of Haryana.
• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
• Government Budgeting.
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

The official syllabus names no particular Haryana topic. This page takes the economy, budgeting, industry and infrastructure lines of the paper and lists the Haryana issues that fall under them. Learn the institutions and features below; check current figures (growth, debt, unemployment) in the latest Economic Survey of Haryana and the State Budget rather than memorising numbers.

Topics in detail

The State's economy

• Formation of Haryana on 1 November 1966 under the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966; its economy then and now
• Structure of the State economy: agriculture, industry and services; the large share of services
• Per capita income among the higher of the large States; regional gaps between the National Capital Region districts and the south and west
• The National Capital Region: growth of Gurugram, Faridabad and Sonipat; NCR planning
• Economic Survey of Haryana: what it reports
• Migration into Haryana for work and emigration from Haryana abroad

State finances and budgeting

• The Haryana Budget: revenue receipts, own tax revenue (State GST, excise, stamp duty and registration, vehicle tax), share in central taxes
• Committed expenditure: salaries, pensions and interest
• Fiscal deficit, outstanding debt and the State's fiscal responsibility law
• Power sector dues and their effect on the State's finances
• Haryana's share under Finance Commission awards

Employment and inclusion

• Unemployment among educated youth; demand for government jobs
• The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020 (local candidates in private jobs) and the litigation over it
• Skill development: Shri Vishwakarma Skill University (Palwal), industrial training institutes, apprenticeships
• Haryana Kaushal Rozgar Nigam and outsourced contractual employment
• Parivar Pehchan Patra (family identity) as the database for welfare delivery
• Women's participation in work

Industry

• Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) and its Industrial Model Townships, such as IMT Manesar, IMT Bawal, IMT Rohtak and IMT Kharkhoda
• Automobiles and auto components: Gurugram, Manesar and Dharuhera; two-wheeler and car plants
• Gurugram as a centre of IT, IT-enabled services, finance and corporate offices
• Faridabad: engineering goods, tractors and auto components
• Panipat: handloom and textiles (furnishings, blankets, recycled yarn); the Indian Oil refinery and petrochemicals
• Yamunanagar and Jagadhri: plywood and metal utensils
• Other clusters: footwear (Bahadurgarh), scientific instruments (Ambala), brassware (Rewari), steel (Hisar)
• MSMEs, start-ups and the State's industrial policies (Haryana Enterprises Promotion Policy and its successor)
• Industrial relations and labour issues in the industrial belt

Infrastructure

• Power: thermal plants at Panipat, Yamunanagar, Khedar (Hisar) and Jhajjar; the Gorakhpur nuclear power project (Fatehabad); utilities HVPNL, HPGCL, UHBVN and DHBVN
• Rural power supply: the Mhara Gaon Jagmag Gaon scheme; line losses
• Renewable energy: solar rooftops and solar pumps; Haryana Renewable Energy Development Agency
• Roads: NH-44 (old Grand Trunk Road); the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (Western Peripheral) Expressway; the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway and Dwarka Expressway; the Trans-Haryana corridor
• Railways: dedicated freight corridors through the State; the Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor; the multi-modal logistics hub at Nangal Chaudhary (Mahendragarh)
• Urban transport: Delhi Metro extensions to Gurugram, Faridabad, Ballabhgarh and Bahadurgarh; Rapid Metro Gurugram; Regional Rapid Transit corridors from Delhi
• Airports: Maharaja Agrasen Airport, Hisar; nearness to Delhi's airports
• Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor and its nodes in Haryana
• Urban infrastructure: water, sewerage and traffic in Gurugram and Faridabad

Issues for discussion

• Balanced regional development versus NCR-led growth
• Job creation in manufacturing; automation in the auto industry
• Fiscal stress and the cost of power subsidies
• Land for industry and infrastructure; land pooling and acquisition

Overlaps

• Indian Economy, Government Budgeting, Liberalisation and Industrial Policy and Infrastructure and Investment Models: the national concepts behind these points.
• Prelims General Studies: Haryana's economy and people at the objective level.
• General Studies I and General Studies II: Haryana's history, geography, society and administration.