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HCS (Haryana)Stage 2: Main Written Examination
Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society
What the official syllabus says
General Studies-I (Paper III), Main Written Examination:
- Effects of globalization on Indian society.
Topics in detail
Meaning
- Globalisation: economic, cultural, political and technological dimensions
- India’s opening up: liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation from 1991
Effects on society
- Economy and work: services and IT jobs, a growing middle class, informal and contract work, job insecurity
- Culture: westernisation, consumerism, media and the internet, the spread of English; also ‘glocalisation’ and the revival of local identities
- Family and marriage: nuclear families, care of the elderly, changing roles
- Women: new jobs and freedoms; also the double burden and new forms of exploitation
- Farmers and rural society: exposure to world prices, new crops and inputs
- Tribal and marginalised groups: displacement, loss of livelihoods and traditional knowledge
- Migration, the diaspora and remittances
- Inequality: between regions, between rural and urban India, between the skilled and the unskilled
- Health and lifestyle: food habits, lifestyle diseases
Assessment
- Positive and negative effects side by side
- Cultural homogenisation compared with cultural hybridisation
- Social safety nets to cushion the costs
Effects on particular groups and areas
- Youth: new careers, the gig and platform economy, aspirations and frustration
- The elderly: migration of children, loneliness, the need for care
- Artisans and small producers: online and export markets, and competition from cheap imports
- Languages: the spread of English and the pressure on small languages
- Media: satellite television, streaming platforms, social media and their effect on values
- Education: private and foreign institutions, students going abroad
- Health: medical tourism, private hospitals, access and cost
Two sides of globalisation
| Area | Gains | Costs |
|---|---|---|
| Work | IT and services jobs, higher incomes | Insecure, informal and contract work |
| Culture | Exposure to the world, new forms of expression | Homogenisation, loss of local traditions |
| Family | Greater freedom of choice | Weaker support for the elderly |
| Regions | Growth of metropolitan regions | Wider gaps between regions |
Overlaps
- Gurugram and the National Capital Region as Haryana’s face of globalisation: Haryana: Society and Social Issues.
- The economic side of liberalisation: HCS Mains: General Studies III.