Q4(a). Throw light on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations

“Sustainable development is the pathway to the future we want for all.” Ban Ki-moon, Former UN Secretary-General

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015 under the 2030 Agenda, comprise 17 interlinked goals and 169 targets, designed to achieve economic prosperity, social inclusion, and environmental protection by 2030.

Key Features:

1. Universality: Applicable to all nations developed and developing alike.
2. Integration: Balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability.
3. Leave No One Behind: Focus on inclusive and equitable development, addressing poverty, hunger, gender inequality, and climate action.

Major Goals Include:

• SDG 1: End poverty in all forms.
• SDG 2: Zero hunger through sustainable agriculture.
• SDG 4: Quality education for all.
• SDG 5: Gender equality and women empowerment.
• SDG 13: Climate action and resilience.

India’s Progress:

According to NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index (2023), India’s composite score rose from 57 (2018) to 67 (2023), showing progress in health, sanitation, and energy access.

• Poverty reduced to 11.9% (MPI, 2023).
• Literacy reached 77.7%, and renewable capacity crossed 179 GW (2024).

Haryana Example:

Haryana ranks among the top-performing states in SDG 8 (Decent Work & Growth) and SDG 7 (Affordable & Clean Energy). The state’s Ujjwala 2.0, Solar Rooftop Program (1.2 GW installed), and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao have directly advanced SDGs 5 and 7.

Conclusion:

Achieving SDGs demands cooperative federalism, sustainable finance, and local implementation. India’s focus on “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas, Sabka Prayas” embodies the SDG spirit of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable growth.