Match the names of scientists in Column I with their fundamental given in Column II and select the correct answer using the options given below the columns: Column I A. Louis Pasteur B. Alexander Fleming C. Ernest Rutherford D. William Konrad Roentgen Column II 1. Splitting of the atom and discovery of proton 2. Discovery of X-Rays 3. Enzyme lysozyme and benzylpenicillin 4. Vaccination and microbial fermentation

Louis Pasteur

• Louis Pasteur was a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.
• Louis Pasteur is best known for inventing the process that bears his name, pasteurization.
• Pasteurization kills microbes and prevents spoilage in beer, milk, and other goods.

Alexander Fleming

• Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the enzyme lysozyme and the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance which he named penicillin.
• For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Ernest Rutherford

• Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.
• Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, the radioactive element radon, and differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation.
• It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances", for which he was the first Canadian and Oceanian Nobel laureate.

William Konrad Roentgen

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German mechanical engineer and physicist.
• Who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays.
• He received an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.