Consider the following statements : 1. Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th guru of the Sikhs composed his verses mainly in Hindi (Braj Bhasha). 2. The play Niladarpan was written by Dinabandhu Mitra. 3. Anand Math contained the famous nationalist song ‘Vande Mataram.” How many of the statements given above are correct?

Guru Gobind Singh

• Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) was the tenth and last human Guru of Sikhism.
• He was born to Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, and Mata Gujri.
• One of Guru Gobind Singh's most significant contributions was the establishment of the Khalsa on Vaisakhi Day, March 30, 1699, at Anandpur Sahib.
• He initiated the Panj Pyare (the Five Beloved Ones), who were the first members of the Khalsa, and introduced the five symbols of the Khalsa, known as the Five Ks.
• His compositions are compiled in the Dasam Granth, which includes various spiritual, philosophical, and martial writings.
• He composed much of his poetry and verses in Braj Bhasha, which was a popular literary language in northern India during his time.
• Major Works in Braj Bhasha include Dasam Granth, Jaap Sahib and Chandi di Var.
• Before his death, Guru Gobind Singh declared that after him, there would be no more human Gurus. He bestowed the status of the Eternal Guru on the Guru Granth Sahib.

Niladarpan

• Dinabandhu Mitra (1830–1873) was a Bengali playwright and poet.
• He wrote Nil Darpan to depict the suffering of the indigo cultivators in Bengal and to raise awareness about their plight.
• This exploitation led to the Indigo Rebellion (or Nil Bidroha) in 1859-60, where the farmers revolted against the planters.

Anand Math

• Anand Math is a significant novel which played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement.
• It was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and first published in 1882.
• The novel is best known for introducing the famous patriotic song "Vande Mataram," which later became a rallying cry for Indian nationalists.