Q3(b). Write briefly about the following: Terrorism and Pakistan; Social Media; Global Warming; Organic Farming

Terrorism and Pakistan

Pakistan’s state-sponsored terrorism has destabilized South Asia for decades. Groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) operate from its soil, targeting India’s Jammu & Kashmir. Despite FATF’s pressure (2018–2022), Pakistan continues to use terrorism as state policy.

India’s Balakot airstrike (2019) post-Pulwama attack highlighted its new counter-terror doctrine of “zero tolerance” toward cross-border terrorism.

Social Media

Social media platforms Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, and YouTube have revolutionized communication, political engagement, and digital entrepreneurship.

However, they also facilitate fake news, cyberbullying, and polarization. India’s IT Rules (2021) mandate content moderation, grievance redressal officers, and traceability of harmful content.

In Haryana, government initiatives like “Digital Haryana Cell” use social media for grievance tracking and citizen outreach, showing constructive use of technology.

III. Global Warming

Global warming refers to the rise in Earth’s average temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.

India, the 3rd-largest emitter (IEA, 2023), faces severe consequences heatwaves, floods, and monsoon unpredictability.

Government efforts include:

• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with 8 missions.
• LiFE Mission (2022) promoting sustainable lifestyles.
• National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023) to cut 50 million tonnes of CO₂ annually.

Haryana’s State Action Plan on Climate Change promotes solar pumps and stubble management to mitigate emissions.

IV. Organic Farming

Organic farming rejects synthetic inputs, emphasizing soil health, biodiversity, and sustainability. India’s organic area expanded to 4.4 million hectares (FiBL Report, 2023) 2nd largest globally.

Schemes like Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) incentivize farmers for organic cultivation.

Haryana’s Natural Farming Policy (2023) targets 1 lakh acres for chemical-free agriculture, promoting crops like millets and pulses for ecological balance and export value.