Given below are two statements: 1. In 1960s, the Government of India under the then Food and Agriculture Minister Chidambaram Subramaniam, launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, M.S. Swaminathan. 2. During Green revolution high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of dwarf rice seeds namely Lerma Rojo-64-A and Sonara 64 was introduced in India, which were imported from Japan. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

• The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural development that began in the 1960s, marked by the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, the increased use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved irrigation techniques.
• This movement transformed agriculture in many developing countries, particularly in India, leading to substantial increase in food production, especially of staple crops like wheat and rice.

Key personalities associated with the Green Revolution

1. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan (India)

• Known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India," Dr. M.S. Swaminathan played a pivotal role in introducing and promoting high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds in India.
• His work with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and his collaboration with international agricultural institutions helped transform India's agricultural landscape.

2. Norman Borlaug (USA)

• An American agronomist, Norman Borlaug is often referred to as the "Father of the Green Revolution" globally. He developed high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties and introduced these in Mexico, India, and Pakistan.
• He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his efforts.

3. C. Subramaniam (India)

• C. Subramaniam was the Union Minister for Food and Agriculture during the critical years of the Green Revolution in India
• His leadership was key to the success of the Green Revolution in India.
• Hence, Statement I is corrrect.

4. B.R. Barwale (India)

• Known as the "Father of the Seed Industry in India," B.R. Barwale was a pioneering figure in the development and distribution of quality seeds.

5. William Gaud (USA)

• William S. Gaud was an administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
• He is credited with coining the term "Green Revolution" in 1968 to describe the large-scale agricultural developments in Asia and Latin America that resulted from the adoption of new technologies.

Wheat HYV Seeds

• Mexico: The HYV wheat seeds, such as Lerma Rojo, Sonora 64, Sonalika, and Kalyan Sona, were developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico under the leadership of Dr. Norman Borlaug. Hence, Statement II is incorrect.

Rice HYV Seeds

• Philippines: The HYV rice seeds, particularly IR8 (known as "Miracle Rice"), IR36, and IR24, were developed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. These varieties were introduced in India and led to significant increases in rice production.