Consider the following pairs: 1. Kigali Amendment : Phasing down Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). 2. Paris Agreement : Adopted in 2015. 3. Montreal Protocol : Addresses biodiversity loss. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Kigali Amendment (2016)

• It amended the Montreal Protocol and provides for the phase down of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases used as refrigerants. India ratified it in 2021. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.

Paris Agreement

• It was adopted at COP-21 in Paris in December 2015 and came into force in November 2016. It seeks to hold the rise in global average temperature well below 2 degree Celsius and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degree Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.

Montreal Protocol (1987)

• It is an international treaty for the protection of the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances such as CFCs and halons.
• Biodiversity loss is addressed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and its protocols. Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.