Q3(c). Write briefly on the following: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP); Emergency Provisions of the Indian Constitution; Zero Hour and Question Hour; Starred and Unstarred Questions

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

DPSPs (Articles 36–51) are non-justiciable guidelines aimed at establishing social, economic and political justice. Inspired by the Irish Constitution, they direct the State to reduce inequality, ensure worker welfare, promote education, environmental protection (Art. 48A), and international peace. DPSPs form the basis of welfare schemes like MGNREGA, Right to Education, National Food Security Act, and social justice laws. Though unenforceable, courts increasingly interpret Fundamental Rights in harmony with DPSPs.

Emergency Provisions of the Indian Constitution

Articles 352–360 empower the Union to deal with extraordinary situations.

• National Emergency (Art. 352): Threat by war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
• State Emergency (Art. 356): Breakdown of constitutional machinery.
• Financial Emergency (Art. 360): Threat to financial stability.

These provisions centralize authority temporarily but safeguard democracy through parliamentary approval, judicial review, and periodic oversight.

Zero Hour and Question Hour

Question Hour is the first hour of parliamentary sitting where MPs ask questions to hold the government accountable. It promotes transparency.

Zero Hour, starting immediately after Question Hour, allows MPs to raise urgent matters without prior notice. Though not mentioned in the Constitution, it is an important parliamentary innovation for legislative oversight.

Starred and Unstarred Questions

A Starred Question requires an oral answer from the Minister and MPs may ask supplementary questions. These are marked with an asterisk.

An Unstarred Question receives a written reply, with no supplementary allowed. They help gather detailed information on governance and policy performance. Both forms enhance executive accountability.