Q1(a). In order to provide “Power for All” 24×7 in India, which is the best electricity generation method? Give reasons.

“Energy is the golden thread that connects economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability.” - UNDP Report

Ensuring “Power for All–24×7” is central to India’s inclusive development strategy. The best approach for sustainable electricity generation is a hybrid model dominated by renewable energy particularly solar and wind complemented by flexible thermal and hydro backup.

India is the third-largest producer of renewable energy, with installed capacity crossing 179 GW (MNRE, 2024). Solar power alone contributes over 82 GW, aided by the National Solar Mission and PM-KUSUM Scheme, which promotes solar pumps for farmers. Renewable sources are economical, scalable, and environmentally benign, aligning with India’s Net Zero 2070 commitment made at COP26.

However, renewables require grid stability and storage solutions. Hence, hybrid generation with solar–thermal integration ensures continuous supply. Nuclear and hydro energy serve as reliable base-load contributors, especially during peak hours.

In Haryana, initiatives like the Haryana Solar Power Policy (2021), Deenbandhu Gram Ujala Yojana, and rooftop solar programs (1.2 GW installed) illustrate decentralized generation and rural empowerment. Schemes like “Mahra Gaon Jagmag Gaon” have achieved near-complete 24×7 rural electrification through feeder separation and smart metering.

Therefore, renewable-dominant hybrid generation supported by digital grids, storage, and state-level innovation remains the most viable route to reliable, affordable, and green power for all.