Q6(c). Write short Notes on: Public–Private Partnership (PPP); WTO

Public–Private Partnership (PPP)

PPP combines government support and private efficiency to deliver infrastructure and public services. Sectors include airports (GMR, GVK), highways (Bharatmala), metro rail (Delhi Metro), health, education and renewable energy. Haryana used PPP for Gurugram Rapid Metro, health diagnostics and logistics parks.

WTO

The World Trade Organization governs international trade rules, ensuring transparency and dispute resolution. India negotiates to protect food security (public stockholding), oppose unequal farm subsidies, and expand market access. WTO disputes often impact India’s export sectors like textiles, IT services, and agriculture.