Which of the following is correct? 1. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon, which means particles from the surface change into the vapour state. 2. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon, which means particles from the bulk (whole) of the liquid change into vapour state. 3. Deposition is the change of gaseous state directly to solid without converting into the liquid state. 4. The state of matter can be changed by changing its temperature only.

Evaporation

• Evaporation is a type of vaporization that involves the transition of liquid particles into the gaseous phase and typically occurs on the surface of liquids. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• As a result, it is said that this process involves a change in the state of liquid matter.
• The evaporating substance must not completely cover the surrounding gas.
• Depending on how they collide, they transfer energy to each other as the liquid molecules collide.

Deposition

• Phase conversion from the gaseous state to the solid state without passing through the liquid phase occurs during the deposition process. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• A type of thermodynamic process is involved.
• It is also known as de-sublimation because it is the opposite of sublimation.

Boiling

• Bubbling is the quick stage of progress from fluid to gas or fume; Condensation is boiling's opposite.
• Boiling occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, which is the temperature at which the liquid's vapor pressure equals the atmosphere's pressure on it.
• During boiling particles from the bulk of liquid gain enough energy to get converted to vapor. Therefore it is a bulk phenomenon. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The two most common methods of liquid vaporization are boiling and evaporation.
• Boiling can be divided into two main categories: nucleate boiling, in which discrete points of small vapor bubbles form, and critical heat flux boiling, in which a vapor film forms on the surface of the boiling surface when the surface is heated above a certain critical temperature.

Change of state of matter

• The physical state of matter can be changed by changing temperature and pressure. Hence statement 4 is incorrect.
• There are three different states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. By either heating or cooling, matter can transition from one state to another.
• For instance, when ice is heated, it turns into water, and when water is heated, it turns into steam.
• This occurs as a result of the heat source dissolving the molecules' intermolecular forces of attraction. In comparison to solids, liquids, and gases exhibit fewer intermolecular forces of attraction.
• Their molecular distances are greater. When a gas is under pressure, its molecules come into contact with one another.
• The molecules are eventually held together by strong enough attractive forces, which causes the gas to condense into a liquid form.
• Hence, changes in the state of matter are influenced by both pressure and temperature, so statement 4 is incorrect.