Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) are being used by the Election Commission of India to conduct Elections to the Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies. Now consider the following statements: 1. EVMs were first used on pilot basis in Thrissur Assembly Constituency of Kerala. 2. EVMs are manufactured by Electronics Corporation of India Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited. 3. VVPATs were used first in by-elections for Khonsa Assembly Constituency of Arunachal Pradesh. 4. VVPAT is an additional unit attached to the EVM, which prints a slip of paper that carries only the serial number and symbol of the candidate voted. Which of the statements given above is/are not true?

EVMs

• It was First introduced in Indian elections between 1998 and 2001, in a phased manner.
• The EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct.
• Electronic voting machines have been used in all general elections in India since 2014.
• The Electronic Voting Machines EVMs are manufactured jointly by Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• After the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, the voting process in every Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Vidhan Sabha election in India is done entirely by EVMs.
• The first Indian EVM was invented in 1980 by M B Hanifa.

The Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)

• It was first used in India in the 2013 Noksen Assembly Constituency bye-election in Nagaland. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
• The VVPAT is a system that lets voters verify that their votes have been recorded correctly for the candidate they choose.
• It includes visual and audio indications that a vote has been recorded correctly. Hence, Statement 4 is not correct.