Consider the following pairs : 1. Nuh Sipihr: Amir Khusrau 2. Riyazul Insha: Mahmud Gawan 3. Burhan-i-Ma’asir: Rafiuddin Shirazi How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Nuh Sipihr

• "Nuh Sipihr" is one of the significant works of the famous Persian poet, musician, and scholar Amir Khusrau. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
• The title "Nuh Sipihr" translates to "Nine Skies" or "Nine Heavens" in Persian. It reflects the structure of the work, which is divided into nine sections or "skies," each focusing on different themes.
• Amir Khusrau, often referred to as the "Parrot of India," was a prolific author and poet who lived during the Delhi Sultanate period.
• Amir Khusrau wrote "Nuh Sipihr" during the reign of Sultan Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, the last ruler of the Khalji dynasty, around 1318 CE.

Rizay-ul-Insha

• Mahmud Gawan (1411–1481) was originally from Gilan in Persia (modern-day Iran) and later became the Prime Minister (Wazir) of the Bahmani Sultanate under Sultan Muhammad Shah III.
• Rizay-ul-Insha is a collection of official correspondence, letters, and administrative documents drafted by Mahmud Gawan during his tenure. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
• Mahmud Gawan is remembered not only for his administrative and military achievements but also for his patronage of education and culture.
• He founded the Madrasah of Mahmud Gawan in Bidar.

Burhan-i-Maasir

• "Burhan-i-Maasir" is a historical chronicle written by Saiyid Muhammad Qasim 'Arzani, which documents the reign of Burhan Nizam Shah I, the founder of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in the Deccan region of India.
• The author, Saiyid Muhammad Qasim 'Arzani, was a historian and scholar in the court of Burhan Nizam Shah I. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
• The chronicle focuses on the reign of Burhan Nizam Shah I (r. 1509–1553), who established the Ahmadnagar Sultanate after the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate.

Additional information

• Rafiuddin Shirazi was an important Persian historian whose work, particularly the "Tazkirat ul-Mulk," provides valuable insights into the history of the Adil Shahi dynasty and the Deccan Sultanates during a period of significant political and cultural development.
• The Deccan Sultanates, including the Adil Shahi (Bijapur), Nizam Shahi (Ahmadnagar), and Qutb Shahi (Golconda) dynasties, were prominent powers during this time.