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HCS (Haryana)Prelims2024General Studies
Question
Consider the following statements: 1. The selection of the Vijayanagara site was inspired by the existence of the Virupaksha temple. 2. Vijayanagara was established near the Pampadevi temple. 3. ‘Shri Pampay Namah’ inscription has been found on the Vijaynagara coins. How many of the statements given above are correct?
Options
- A Only one statement is correct.
- B Only two statements are correct.
- C All three statements are correct.
- D None of the statements is correct.
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Correct Answer
B Only two statements are correct.
Model Answer
- The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka I, under the guidance of the sage Vidyaranya. The empire's capital was established at Hampi, in present-day Karnataka.
- Hampi was already a place of religious significance due to the presence of several ancient temples, including the Virupaksha Temple, which is dedicated to Lord Shiva and has been a major pilgrimage center since at least the 7th century.
- The religious significance of the area likely made it an attractive choice for establishing a capital, as it would have aligned with the Vijayanagara rulers' emphasis on promoting Hinduism, particularly in a region that had experienced invasions by Islamic rulers.
- The primary reasons for selecting the site of Hampi were its strategic advantages. The site is naturally fortified by the surrounding hills, the Tungabhadra River, and rocky terrain, making it defensible against invasions.
- The location was also advantageous for controlling trade routes and resources in the Deccan region.
- After the establishment of Vijayanagara, the empire's rulers further patronized Virupaksha Temple, expanding it and enhancing its significance. The temple became one of the most important religious centers in the empire, reflecting the Vijayanagara kings' devotion and support for Hinduism.
- Therefore, the selection of the site for the Vijayanagara empire was not directly inspired by the existence of the Virupaksha Temple. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
- Vijayanagara Empire was established near the Pampa Devi (also known as Pampa or Pampa Tirtha), which is associated with Tungabhadra River. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
- The area around Pampa Sarovar is a significant pilgrimage site, and it is closely connected to the mythology of the Hindu goddess Pampa, an incarnation of Parvati, and her consort Lord Virupaksha (Shiva).
- Pampapati is a name that refers to Lord Virupaksha, the presiding deity of Hampi. The term "Pampapati" literally translates to "Lord of Pampa."
- The Vijayanagara Empire issued a variety of coins in gold, silver, and copper, which often carried religious motifs and inscriptions. The coins not only served as currency but also as a medium to express the religious devotion and legitimacy of the rulers.
- The inscription "Shri Pampay" on coins symbolizes the rulers' devotion to their chosen deity. Hence, statement 3 is correct.