Q1(c). Write briefly on any four of the following: Nuclear Energy; DigiLocker; Smart Cities; Call Drop; Bullet Train

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear power is a clean, low-carbon source that ensures energy security. India’s current installed nuclear capacity is 7.4 GW (DAE, 2024), with plans to triple it by 2030. The Kudankulam and upcoming Gorakhpur Nuclear Plant in Haryana’s Fatehabad demonstrate safe indigenous technology. Under the Atmanirbhar Bharat framework, India promotes thorium-based research for long-term sustainability.

DigiLocker

Launched in 2015 under Digital India, DigiLocker provides citizens a secure cloud-based platform for storing and sharing digital documents like Aadhaar, PAN, and driving licenses. Over 220 million users and 6 billion documents are linked to it (MeitY, 2024). It promotes paperless governance and authenticity through integration with educational boards, transport, and banking services. Haryana departments have fully adopted DigiLocker for land and education certificates.

Smart Cities

The Smart Cities Mission (2015) aims to improve urban infrastructure using ICT-based solutions. With 100 cities under implementation, it focuses on mobility, clean energy, and e-governance. Haryana’s Faridabad and Karnal Smart City Projects include intelligent traffic systems, solar-powered streetlights, and water reuse technology. Nationally, over 7,000 projects worth ₹2.05 lakh crore are underway (MoHUA, 2024).

Call Drop

Call drops reflect poor network quality and spectrum congestion. To address this, TRAI’s Quality of Service Regulations (2022) mandate 98% network uptime. The government’s BharatNet 2.0 and 5G expansion aim to improve rural coverage. Haryana’s telecom infrastructure project, under Hartron, enhanced connectivity in over 1,000 villages, reducing call drops significantly.

Bullet Train

The Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Project (MAHSR), India’s first bullet train corridor, covers 508 km with speeds up to 320 km/h. Implemented by NHSRCL with Japanese collaboration, it is expected to start partial operations by 2028. The project will revolutionize connectivity, technology transfer, and urban employment. Haryana’s RRTS Delhi–Meerut corridor adopts similar high-speed technology, showing inter-state integration of rapid mobility.