Q2(b). Write briefly about the following: Acoustics; Green Building; Wasteland; Organic Farming

I. Acoustics

Acoustics is the science of sound, vibration, and noise control. It plays a key role in designing auditoriums, studios, classrooms, and hospitals to ensure sound clarity and comfort. Modern buildings use sound-absorbing panels, diffusers, and insulation materials.

The National Building Code (NBC) prescribes acoustic norms for urban structures. Haryana’s Tagore Theatre (Panchkula) renovation incorporated acoustic engineering to enhance sound quality for cultural events.

II. Green Building

A green building minimizes environmental impact through energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, natural lighting, and renewable energy use. The IGBC and GRIHA ratings certify such structures. Features include solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and recycled materials. Haryana’s IFFCO Tower (Gurugram) and several govt. offices under Haryana Green Building Code (2019) are IGBC-rated, promoting sustainable urban development.

III. Wasteland

Wastelands are degraded, unproductive lands affected by soil erosion, salinity, desertification, or waterlogging. India has about 55.76 million hectares of wasteland (Wasteland Atlas of India, 2019). Reclamation includes afforestation, contour bunding, micro-irrigation, and salinity management.

In Haryana, wasteland development in Mahendragarh and Hisar under CAMPA and Jal Shakti Abhiyan has improved soil health and fodder availability.

IV. Organic Farming

Organic farming avoids chemical fertilizers and pesticides, relying on bio-fertilizers, compost, crop rotation, and ecological farming practices. Under PKVY and BPKP, India promotes organic clusters. Haryana launched the Natural Farming Policy 2023, creating “100% organic villages” in Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar, reducing input costs and improving soil fertility. India ranks among the top 10 nations in organic crop production (FiBL Report).